Starter+Readings

IPA Additional Background Readings

 * [|IPA: Homepage]
 * [|The sounds of English and the International P...]
 * [|IPA transcription systems for English]
 * [|SIL Encore IPA Fonts]
 * [|International Phonetic Alphabet]
 * [|International Phonetics Alphabet Tutorial]
 * [|THE HISTORY OF ENGLISH PHONEMES]
 * []
 * [|http://www.antimoon.com/how/pronunc-soundsipa.htm]
 * []
 * [|Online IPA Tutor]
 * []
 * [|The International Phonetic Alphabet - Audio Illustrations]
 * [|One-page Simplified IPA Chart at Wikimedia]

PIE (Proto-Indo-European) Additional Background Readings

 * [|Indo-European and the Indo-Europeans. The Ame...]
 * [|Indo-European and the Comparative Method]
 * [|Indo-European Languages]
 * [|History of English]
 * [|Old English Pages: Indo-European Languages]
 * [|Indo-European Etymological Dictionary (frames)]
 * [|The Early History of Indo-European Languages]
 * [|PIE Enter]
 * [|indoeuropean.html]
 * [|Verbix -- conjugate verbs in 100+ languages]
 * [|Indo-European linguistics (frames)]
 * [|Lecture No. 22 --The Proto-Indo-European Lang...]
 * [|Indo-European Language Tree]

PGmc (Proto-Germanic) Additional Background Readings

 * [|Proto-Germanic]
 * [|Proto-Germanic Information - Search Spaniel]
 * [|Proto-Germanic Dictionary]
 * [|22) The Proto-Germanic language; Grimm and Bopp.]
 * [|Lecture 2: Proto-Germanic to Primitive Old En...]
 * [|Tree of Germanic Languages]
 * //**Grimm-Verner**//
 * [|Grimm's Law]
 * [|Grimm's Law]
 * [|GRIMM'S LAW VERNER'S LAW]
 * [|Grimm's Law]
 * [|Verner's law - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia]
 * [|Verner's Law]
 * [|Verner's Law Lecture Notes]
 * [|Verner's Law Activity]
 * [|GERMANIC CONSONANT SHIFT]
 * [|Gothic Miscellany: Vowels, Grimm's Law, Synta...]
 * [|Gothic Miscellany: Vowels, Grimm's Law, Synta...]

Old English Additional Background Readings

 * [|Learning Old English]
 * [|Beowulf in Hypertext]
 * [|The Electronic Introduction to Old English][|O]
 * [|ld English Pages: Audio Corpus]
 * [|Hwæt! Old English in Context]
 * [|Old English at the University of Calgary]
 * [|Abraham and Isaac]
 * [|The Historical Grammar of the Old English Language]
 * [|Readings of Old English Poetry]
 * [|Historical Linguistics]

**Middle English** Additional Background **Readings**

 * [|Middle English Bookcase]
 * [|The English Language in the Fourteenth Century]
 * [|Chaucer's Pronunciation, Grammar and Vocabulary]
 * [|Chaucer's Grammar]
 * [|The Chaucer Pedagogy Page]
 * [|Middle English Grammar]
 * [|A Brief Introduction to Middle English Grammar]
 * [|Changes in the Language to the Days of Chaucer] 15 Chapters
 * [|The General Prologue - An Electronic Edition]
 * [|The Chaucer MetaPage Audio Files]
 * [|Chaucer, Middle English Pronunciation]

Early Modern English Additional Background Readings

 * [|Early Modern English]
 * [|History of the English Language: Early Modern English]
 * [|The Language from Chaucer to Shakespeare] 13 Chapters
 * [|The Language of Shakespeare]
 * [|Proper Elizabethan Accents]
 * [|Sixteenth Century Renaissance English Literature: Background Information]
 * [|EARLY MODERN ENGLISH: 1500-1800 C.E.]
 * [|Early Modern English Grammatical/Syntactic Features]
 * [|Early Modern English - Web Outline]
 * [|Early Modern English grammar: morphology & morphological change]


 * **//The Great Vowel Shift//**
 * [|The Great Vowel Shift]
 * [|The Great Vowel Shift -- brief note on language]

Present-Day English Additional Background Readings

 * ===**//English as a World Language//**===
 * ====[|GLOBAL ENGLISH Global English]====
 * ====[|ENGLISH around the World]====
 * ====[|"Do de rite ting": World Englishes]====


 * ====**//Dialects//**====
 * [|The Best of British - The American's guide to speaking British...]
 * [|The Linguistic Atlas Projects]
 * [|The Phonological Atlas of North America]
 * [|speech accent archive]
 * [|Language Variation]


 * ====**//Grammar, Syntax, and Vocabulary//**====
 * [|Changes in the Language since Shakespeare’s Time] (9 Chapters)
 * [|Chapter 2: Syntactic overview]


 * ====**//Controversies//**====
 * [|Singular "their" in Jane Austen and elsewhere: Anti-pedantry page]
 * [|News Interview:Spanglish]
 * [|English Grammar in the New World: Usage Debates and Dictionary Wars]
 * [|A Linguist Looks at the Ebonics Debate]
 * [|Fear of a Black Language]
 * [|Debunking English-only Ideology]
 * [|The Web of Language]


 * ====//**General/Miscellaneous/Reference**//====
 * [|The early and modern English language]
 * [|History of the English Language]
 * [|LSA: Videos on the Web Project.]
 * [|The Evolution of Present-Day English]